Text -- Deuteronomy 25:1-4 (NET)

25:1 If controversy arises between people, they should go to court for judgment. When the judges hear the case, they shall exonerate the innocent but condemn the guilty. 25:2 Then, if the guilty person is sentenced to a beating, the judge shall force him to lie down and be beaten in his presence with the number of blows his wicked behavior deserves. 25:3 The judge may sentence him to forty blows, but no more. If he is struck with more than these, you might view your fellow Israelite with contempt. 25:4 You must not muzzle your ox when it is treading grain.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Deu 25:1

¹ tn Heb “men.”

² tn Heb “they”; the referent (the judges) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “declare to be just”; KJV, NASB “justify the righteous”; NAB, NIV “acquitting the innocent.”

⁴ tn Heb “declare to be evil”; NIV “condemning the guilty (+ party NAB).”

NET Notes: Deu 25:2

¹ tn Heb “and it will be.”

² tn Heb “if the evil one is a son of smiting.”

³ tn Heb “according to his wickedness, by number.”

NET Notes: Deu 25:3

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the judge) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Heb “Forty blows he may strike him”; however, since the judge is to witness the punishment (v. 2) it is unlikely the judge himself administered it.

³ tn Heb “your brothers” but not limited only to an actual sibling; cf. NAB) “your kinsman”; NRSV, NLT “your neighbor.”

NET Notes: Deu 25:4

¹ tn Heb “an.” By implication this is one’s own animal.